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Abstract

The study of Asian cultures from the Western academy has been characterized as Orientalism, the ‘goods’ in knowledge a cultural parallel to the territorial gains won in the heyday of Western colonialism. For some key Euro-Americans, knowing the foreign Other was an antidote to a perceived dead end of Western science and rationalism.  Simply put, Asia resonated as social and philosophic plenitude. In this regard, premodern Japanese poetry, with its 1300 year-old, lyrical tradition, was seen as a tradition of immanence and, therefore, as a welcomed alternative to Western philosophic abstraction.  Countering this, I suggest that utamakura (canonized, poetic place names) as a regulative, interpretive category from the earliest 7^th century anthology of the Manyoshu on through the medieval period ending in the 17^th century suggests a formidable idealist tradition, which regulated expectations and experience of travel in the premodern period.

Keywords: Premodern, Japan, literature, travel, orientalism, utamakura, geography